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Showing posts from November 11, 2004

On This Day in 1215

November 11 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia : "1215 - The fourth lateran council meets, adopting the doctrine of transubstantiation , meaning that bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of Christ." The doctrine of the eucharist was the most important issue during the 16th century Reformation . It caused more divisions between evangelicals than any other issue. At that time, other doctrines were proposed as responses to this doctrine: Luther proposed the doctrine of consubstantiation . He used the allegory of a hot iron to demonstrate that, just as there is fire is in a hot iron but the fire does not become the iron, so Christ is present in the bread and wine but the elements do not become Christ. Zwingli proposed a symbolic interpretation of the Last Supper, saying that there is no real presence in the elements. Calvin proposed a doctrine of "spiritual presence," saying that the body and blood of Jesus Christ are received in a sp